The penalty for non-renewal of an FSSAI (Food Safety and Standards Authority of India) license can include a fine and the potential for legal action, as operating a food business without a valid license is considered an offense under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006. Specifically, businesses may face a monetary penalty that can range from ₹25,000 to ₹5 lakh, depending on the severity of the violation, and may also be subject to imprisonment for up to six months for repeat offenders. Additionally, the business may be ordered to cease operations until the license is renewed, leading to potential loss of revenue and reputation.